Wisconsin Coercive Control Reform

Jackie’s
Law

On Jackie’s Wings,
We Rise UP.

Jackie’s Law is named after Jackie Kadinger, a 39-year-old Wisconsin mother whose abuser took her life in August 2023 after years of coercive control that Wisconsin law did not recognize as abuse. This law would change that, for Jackie and for every survivor who comes after her.

Jackie Kadinger, in whose memory this law is named
11+
U.S. States That Already
Recognize Coercive Control
0
States That Have Reported
a False-Allegation Surge
39
Jackie’s Age When Her
Abuser Took Her Life in 2023

Are You Experiencing Coercive Control?

Coercive control is a pattern of behavior — isolation, intimidation, monitoring, and control — that an abuser uses to strip away a victim’s freedom and independence, often long before any physical violence. It is the heart of what Jackie’s Law is about.

Learn the Warning Signs →

Learn More

Domestic violence does not always begin with a bruise. Explore Jackie’s story, the warning signs of coercive control, and what Wisconsin can do to protect survivors before it is too late.

Jackie Kadinger

Jackie was a loving mother, daughter, friend, and free spirit whose life was tragically cut short by an abusive partner. She was 39 years old when her abuser took her life in August 2023. She left behind her son without his mother, and her family with an immeasurable loss. In her memory, her family has made it their mission to make sure that the warning signs and patterns of abuse that led to her death are recognized, named, and never ignored again.

Jackie Kadinger

“What he did to Jackie did not start with physical abuse. It started with control.”

Jackie’s Law is named after Jackie Kadinger, whose story reflects the devastating impact coercive control can have on victims long before physical violence occurs. The law bears her name not only because of the tragedy of her death in August 2023, but because her experience reflects the reality faced by countless victims whose abuse begins long before anyone sees a bruise.

If this addition to Wisconsin’s domestic violence law had been in place, Jackie could have had a chance to protect herself. This law could have saved her life by giving her legal protection that did not exist at the time. Sharing Jackie’s story can help other victims recognize what coercive control is, and understand that this type of abuse takes hold before you fully understand what is happening to you.

Jackie was bright and beautiful inside and out. Her presence brought warmth and connection to those around her. Her greatest joy was her son, and she built her life around her love for him. Family was very important to her, and she cherished her time with all of them. To those who knew her best, Jackie was thoughtful, genuine, and deeply caring. She had a way of making people feel seen and valued, and when she met a stranger, she treated them like a friend. She carried herself with both strength and compassion. Her laugh was contagious, and she had a remarkable sense of humor. She had a love for animals and a deep care for people. She was deeply human, empathetic, and a free spirit.

Jackie’s life mattered. Her memory continues to matter. And her story is now part of a larger mission to bring awareness to the warning signs of coercive control and prevent future tragedies.

Jackie and her son
Jackie and her son.
Jackie and her bird
Jackie and her bird.
Jackie and her son at the beach
Jackie and her son.

Her abuser did not begin with violence. He began with control. He isolated Jackie from her family, her friends, and her son. He disguised criticism as concern. He monitored her movements and her daily activities, inside and outside of the home. He controlled her access to transportation. He restricted and controlled her communication with the people she loved most.

The harm he caused reached beyond Jackie herself. Family members experienced threats, intimidation, fear, and manipulation. Those who loved her watched helplessly as someone they knew became more distant, more fearful, and less like the Jackie they had always known. We watched someone we loved change before our eyes, and we did not yet have a name for what was being done to her.

One of the most difficult realities to understand is that many victims feel trapped by fear, isolation, dependency, manipulation, and the gradual stripping away of their confidence and independence. They stay because coercive control changes how they see themselves and the world around them. It convinces victims that they are trapped, that things will get better, or that they have nowhere else to turn.

Like many victims of coercive control, Jackie’s experience began without visible physical injuries. For a long time there was no single incident that would have qualified her for a protective order under Wisconsin’s current law. But coercive control rarely stays still. It escalates. Over time the abuse intensified and did eventually become physical — and yet she had been in danger every day long before that point, in ways the law did not see and could not protect against.

Today, Jackie’s story is a powerful reminder that domestic violence is often much more than physical abuse. Her life and her experience have inspired the effort to ensure that coercive control is recognized, understood, and addressed before it escalates to tragedy.

Most importantly, it is about preventing other families from experiencing the loss that ours has endured. We cannot bring Jackie back. But we can honor her life by helping others recognize the signs, find support, and seek safety before it is too late.

This is Jackie’s legacy. This is why we fight for Jackie’s Law.

Written by Brenda Frasser, Jackie’s mother.

What Is Coercive Control?

Abuse is not always physical. Coercive control is a pattern of behavior an abuser uses to strip a victim of their free will, independence, and personal liberty. It is rarely a single incident. It is the architecture of abuse, and physical violence, when it appears, is typically a late-stage escalation, not the starting point.

Research by Evan Stark, Jacquelyn Campbell, and the Danger Assessment literature has shown for two decades that homicidal abusers almost always display a pattern of coercive control before they kill. Physical violence is a late marker, not an early one.

“Coercive control means a pattern of behavior used to cause another person to suffer physical, emotional, or psychological harm, and that in purpose or effect unreasonably interferes with the person’s free will and personal liberty.”

Eight Signs of Coercive Control

Coercive control is more common than we may realize and can lead to physical violence. Being aware of the signs may even save a life.

Gaslighting

An abuser causes you to question your own sanity, experiences, and reality. This is a slow, progressive erosion of your trust in your own perceptions, memory, and judgment.

  • “You’re just being too sensitive.”
  • “I never said that. You always take things the wrong way.”
  • “You’re making things up.”
  • “That never happened. You have a terrible memory.”
  • “Everyone thinks you’re overreacting, not just me.”

Humiliation

Harsh criticism, sarcasm, or jokes aimed at making you feel embarrassed, ashamed, or inferior. These targeted attacks on your dignity may happen in private or in front of others.

  • “Sometimes I think I married an idiot.”
  • “Are you seriously going to wear that?”
  • “No one else will ever love you.”
  • “I’m embarrassed to introduce you to my friends.”
  • “You can’t do anything right.”

Isolating

An abuser deliberately separates you from your support network. This happens gradually and discreetly. Victims are usually unaware until they feel completely cut off from family and friends.

  • “You know I’m not comfortable around your family. They don’t like me.”
  • “I can’t believe you’re going out with your friends again. They’re losers.”
  • “You don’t love me anymore. You always leave me.”
  • “Your friends are a bad influence. I don’t want you seeing them.”
  • “If you really loved me, you’d want to spend all your time with me.”

Stonewalling

Deliberately shutting down and refusing to communicate, often called the silent treatment. This goes beyond difficulty expressing emotions. It is deliberate disengagement used as punishment and control.

  • Refusing to answer questions or respond at all.
  • Walking away mid-conversation.
  • Refusing to speak for days after a conflict.
  • Pretending you do not exist when you try to talk.
  • Leaving the room every time you try to raise a concern.

Threatening

Direct or subtle threats intended to create fear and self-doubt. Threats may be aimed at you, or at someone or something you love most, including children, pets, or your reputation.

  • “If you don’t do what I say, you’ll never see the dog again.”
  • “I’ll take the kids if you try to leave.”
  • “I know where your family lives.”
  • “If you leave me, I’ll make sure you lose everything.”
  • “I will hurt myself if you go.”

Blame Shifting

Instead of taking responsibility, an abuser turns every problem back onto you. This tactic dismisses your feelings, causes guilt, and keeps the focus on what you supposedly did wrong.

  • “Calm down. You are over-reacting. It was nothing.”
  • “I didn’t say that, you did.”
  • “You made me do this.”
  • “You’re the reason this relationship doesn’t work.”
  • “If you weren’t so sensitive, this wouldn’t be a problem.”

Forcing Dependency

An abuser uses control of finances, transportation, and documents to leave you powerless and dependent. Being denied access to money or the ability to make decisions can trap a victim with no way out.

  • “You don’t need a car. I’ll drive you.”
  • “You shouldn’t carry cash. You’ll just lose it.”
  • “I’ll keep your important documents. You don’t understand them anyway.”
  • “I handle all the finances. You don’t need to worry about money.”
  • “You couldn’t survive on your own without me.”

Monitoring & Surveillance

An abuser tracks your movements, communications, and daily activities to maintain control and to keep you from feeling safe or private anywhere. This can happen in person or through technology, and it often intensifies when you try to create distance.

  • Checking your phone, texts, emails, or social media without permission.
  • Using location sharing, GPS, or tracking apps to know where you are at all times.
  • “Why didn’t you answer? I called you four times.”
  • Showing up unexpectedly at your work, your errands, or wherever you go.
  • Installing cameras or demanding constant check-ins and updates.

Warning signs adapted from PsychCentral and coercive control research. If you recognize these behaviors in your relationship, please reach out for help.

What Wisconsin Law Currently Misses

Wisconsin’s domestic abuse injunction statute, Wis. Stat. §813.12, currently requires physical violence, a threat of physical violence, sexual abuse, stalking, or property damage before a survivor is eligible for a civil protective order. A survivor experiencing sustained coercive control without those specific acts cannot yet obtain protection. This is upside-down from a prevention standpoint.

Coercive control is a pattern of behavior that strips a victim of their free will and personal liberty. It is rarely a single incident. It is the architecture of abuse, and physical violence, when it appears, is typically a late-stage escalation. By requiring that escalation to have already occurred, Wisconsin’s law forces survivors to wait for danger to arrive before the civil remedy becomes available.

Three findings from the domestic violence research literature are now well established: coercive control precedes lethal violence in the overwhelming majority of intimate partner homicides; most domestic violence cases are coercive-control-driven; and the current statute creates a perverse incentive structure in which a victim must wait for physical harm before civil protection is available.

How Jackie’s Law Would Help Survivors

Jackie’s Law would give survivors a way to seek protection at the stage when coercive control is doing its damage, rather than forcing them to wait until they have already been physically harmed. By recognizing the pattern of isolation, surveillance, financial deprivation, and intimidation as abuse, the law would allow a survivor to obtain a civil injunction before the violence escalates.

Because coercive control precedes lethal violence in the overwhelming majority of intimate partner homicides, recognizing it earlier is one of the most direct ways Wisconsin can prevent domestic abuse homicides. Intervening at the pattern stage, rather than after a first physical assault, gives survivors and the courts a chance to act while there is still time.

What the Law Would Do

What the Law Would Add

  • Coercive control as an additional basis for a civil injunction under §813.12
  • A clear definition covering isolation, financial deprivation, surveillance, and monitoring
  • Protection from technology-facilitated abuse and threats against children or pets
  • A good-faith carve-out protecting survivors’ own protective actions from misuse
  • Coverage of abusive litigation used as a tool of post-separation control
  • Protection from reproductive coercion and employment sabotage

What the Law Would Not Do

  • Create a new criminal offense
  • Change the existing standard of proof
  • Create new courts, agencies, or staff positions
  • Affect existing criminal domestic violence prosecution
  • Penalize survivors for taking their own protective actions
  • Create significant fiscal impact for the state

States That Have Already Acted

Eleven states have enacted coercive control statutes in their civil systems, with additional states enacting legislation in 2026. Not one has reported the false-allegation surge predicted by opponents.

California 2020 Hawaii 2020 Connecticut 2021 Washington 2022 New Jersey 2023 Kentucky 2023 Louisiana 2023 Maine 2023 Massachusetts 2024 Vermont 2024 Colorado 2024 New Hampshire 2026

Connecticut’s law is named Jennifer’s Law, after Jennifer Dulos and Jennifer Magnano, both killed by abusers who displayed extensive coercive control before killing them. Jackie’s Law would make Wisconsin part of this national movement.

Addressing the Objections

“The definition is too vague to enforce.”

The Washington model addresses this directly by enumerating specific conduct: isolation, financial deprivation, surveillance, technology-facilitated abuse, threats against children and pets, and reproductive coercion. The unreasonably-interferes standard mirrors language already familiar to Wisconsin courts from harassment injunction case law. Connecticut’s implementation experience shows that judges develop working interpretations within the first 18 months.

“This will be weaponized against survivors.”

This is a serious concern the drafters have taken head-on. Jackie’s Law includes a good-faith carve-out directly adapted from Washington’s statute. Survivors who restrict contact, take children to safety, freeze accounts to protect resources, or seek legal remedies are explicitly excluded from the coercive control definition. Connecticut, which did not initially include this carve-out, has had to develop it through case law. Wisconsin can include it on the front end.

“False allegations will surge.”

Eleven states have now operationalized coercive control statutes in their civil systems. Not one has reported the false-allegation surge predicted during legislative debate. Wisconsin’s existing perjury and false swearing statutes apply to all injunction proceedings and provide the same deterrent they always have.

“What is the fiscal impact?”

Minimal. The proposal does not create new courts, new agencies, or new staff positions. It expands the basis for an existing civil remedy. Connecticut, Washington, and Vermont all reported negligible-to-net-savings fiscal impact at implementation.

Take Action for Jackie’s Law

Jackie’s Law needs bipartisan support in the Wisconsin Legislature. Every contact from a community member matters. Every story shared on social media matters. Every person who follows On Jackie’s Wings and shows up for this cause is part of the reason this law will pass.

Here is how you can help.

Contact Your Legislators

Ask your state senator and representative to co-sponsor Jackie’s Law. A brief, personal message is far more powerful than a form letter. Tell them you know about Jackie Kadinger, that coercive control is real, and that Wisconsin survivors deserve protection before the first bruise.

Senate switchboard: (608) 266-9960
Assembly switchboard: (608) 266-9960

Find My Legislators

Follow On Jackie’s Wings

On Jackie’s Wings, We Rise UP! To End Domestic Violence is the advocacy effort Brenda Frasser built in her daughter’s memory. Follow along on Facebook to stay up to date on Jackie’s Law, upcoming events, and ways to get involved. Share Jackie’s story and help it reach the people who need to hear it.

Search Facebook for:
On Jackie’s Wings, We Rise UP! To End Domestic Violence

Find Us on Facebook

Survivors & Advocates

If you are a survivor, or someone who loves one, your voice carries real weight. You can help advance Jackie’s Law by sharing your story with legislators if and when you feel ready, supporting others who come forward, and helping spread awareness of what coercive control is. You never have to share more than you are comfortable with, and your safety always comes first.

If You Need Help

You are not alone, and what is happening to you is not your fault. Coercive control is abuse. Help is available right now, and you do not need a visible injury to reach out.

National Domestic Violence Hotline

1‑800‑799‑7233

Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week  |  TTY: 1‑800‑787‑3224
Text START to 88788  |  thehotline.org  |  Chat available online

Find Support Near You

Domestic Abuse Intervention Services (Madison)

24-hour crisis line and advocacy services in Dane County.

608‑251‑4445

abuseintervention.org

End Abuse WI

Find a local domestic violence agency anywhere in Wisconsin. End Abuse WI maintains a statewide directory of member programs and advocacy resources.

endabusewi.org

Love Is Respect

Resources specifically for young people in abusive or unhealthy relationships. Confidential support available 24/7.

1‑866‑331‑9474

Text LOVEIS to 22522

loveisrespect.org

Safety Planning

Not ready to leave? A safety plan can protect you while you figure out your next steps. Contact any local DV agency or the National Hotline for help creating one.

thehotline.org/plan-for-safety

If you are in danger right now, call the National DV Hotline: 1‑800‑799‑7233  |  Text START to 88788